Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression

Introduction Depression is a stage in stress psychology and it can affect any person across the gender and demographic variables. However, depression is more common in women than men and statistics shows that in the united state in every three reported cases of depression one is a man while the ratio increases to worldwide statistics which stands at 3 to 1.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although, there is much to be researched on the gender differences of depression, there are general causes of depression either environmental or biological. This paper will try to discuss several methodological bias associated with sex depression. Clinician Bias In this description, it argues that people who are over-reliant for self-esteem and identity are more exposed to the risks of getting depression incase of a relation break out. Since self-esteem comes from external sources, these people cannot deal with the loss hence reacting passively. The similarity between the depression-prone people and collection of traits are used to distinguish women in the normal course of body development. The research has shown that there is a relationship between masculinity and depression where lower masculinity results to higher rate of depression. The interpretation here characterizes women with low masculinity hence lower sex orientation in women than in men. Both low masculinity and depression symptoms are as a result of low self-esteem (Helgeson, 2009) Response bias This is referred to as a bias which affects the results of responses or deviation in judgment making on particular situations. It’s believed that men suffer less from depression because of their avoidance in expressing feelings compared to women. It’s also arguable that women are available to nurture each other in case of the depressive feeling hence lowering their rejection. Other evidence indicates that when various socio-economic and demographic factors are carefully controlled sex depression is reduced or totally eliminated. Relatively both male and female youths who are unmarried are in the same risks of getting depressed, but the rate increases to women once they get married. Differing manifestation of Depression Researchers have prescribed that the depression in women and men to be treated differently for they are fully different. Although women depression is denoted by several causes, depressions associated with socio life conditions should not be viewed as a clinical type of depression (Peta, 2002).Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It’s taken in a great concern to analyze the reasons leading to depression mostly in women, and then, identify long-lasting strategies to curb this challenge and advocat e for women mental health policies that oversee their needs. It’s, therefore, necessary to any psychiatrist within psychiatry to define mental illness of every patient in order to determine the most appropriate diagnosis and also provides ways to defend against contradictory medical evidence. Furthermore, the problem of depression is much more prevalent in women than it is with men not only as being induced by the societal interaction problems and pressures, but depression in women may become worse due to their biological makeup/ components in the body. In this connection, there are evidence from research results which have shown that women are greatly affected by hormonal factors/ elements such as estrogen, which bring about menopausal symptoms. This is well observed during adolescent or teenager’s stage when the hormonal elements are fully produced and active in the body. In short, this may be perpetuated to old age and be augmented by other environmental factors, es pecially for those exposed under different unfavorable social conditions at workplace and/or within the community they live in. References Helgeson, V. S. (2009). Psychology of Gender. NJ: Pearson Education, Inc Peta, S. (2002). Feminist Research: Prospect and Retrospect. Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women This critical writing on Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Third Wave essays

The Third Wave essays In Alvin Toffler's book, "The Third Wave," he discusses our progression as a society. One can easily see the pattern to the mentioned waves. He describes wave one as the start of agriculture. It also marks the beginning of our culture. Wave two, marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, atomic destruction, and mainstream items. The change that takes place between these two waves is the start of what we call progress. It impacted our families, our planet, and set the pace for economics. With first "wave" of families, communities were formed. Every member of each community contributed to the necessities of the group. Family run farms produced what the town needed. Mass production was not a practice. Communities only produced what was necessary Families had shared responsibilities. Jobs were typically family trades passed down from father to son for many generations. Every person played a key role in the town's existence. In the second wave, we see the start of a more selfish minded society. Industrialism begins to break the family traditions and draw its member's away to cities run by factories. These establishments would supply what would become mainstream items. Labor was done in the name of progress, and colonies suffered an incremental change. Another ongoing change also takes place in our value of life. Our desire for existence in wave one was only of a minimal requirement. We only took what was needed from our planet. Land was of precious value, and treated as such. Nature was a gift that dispensed its gifts continually meeting our demands. With the start of progress, we soon found a tool for mass destruction. Atomic bombs were manifested as weapons of annihilation. It was a time of total negligence, and mass destruction. Requirements changed to a need for excessive power. The potential to obliterate our whole existence evolved from a culture that once loved the land. ...

Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky Essay

Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky - Essay Example The old woman is crazy, deaf, sick, greedy, and evil. She charges scandalous rates of interest, devours the well-being of others, and, having reduced her younger sister to the state of a servant, oppresses her with work. She is good for nothing. "Why does she live" "Is she useful to anyone at all" These and other questions carry the young man's mind astray. He decides to kill and rob her so as to make his mother, who is living in the provinces, happy; to save his sister from the libidinous importunities of the head of the estate where she is serving as a lady's companion; and then to finish his studies, go abroad and be for the rest of his life honest, firm, and unflinching in fulfilling his humanitarian duty toward mankind. This would, according to him, "make up for the crime," if one can call this act a crime, which is committed against an old, deaf, crazy, evil, sick woman, who does not know why she is living and who would perhaps die in a month anyway. (Notes 2007) The story is basically the struggle between Raskolnikov's Napoleon-bermensch theory and his conscience which make him confess to his crime. According to Tanguay (1997), the novel is an expos of the evil system which forced upon Raskolnikov the choice between crime and death by starvation. However, as the epilogue goes, the novel suggests the brighter side of man's connection to his creator as its more important theme. A repentant man can still hope for his benevolent creator waiting to hear him confess. This paper discusses how Fyodor Dostoevsky tries to present his message through many techniques. Basically, he tackles the issue of poverty and tries to show how an intelligent university student goes about in solving his financial problems. With it is the bermensch theory which he puts in the mind of Raskolnikov, thinking an ordinary man can become extraordinary - jumping from one level to another. The problem is that it has to be done with a crime and to come off it clean. The novel shows that the thinking of the protagonist, Raskolnikov, comes from great men like Napoleon who made history. From here, he uses dreams to foreshadow what is to come or make flashbacks on the past to register well a point. The novel throughout speaks of poverty as a theme as the different characters portray how they each respond to their problem of making both ends meet. As the characters go about their business, especially with Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky tries to go deep into the workings of the mind and present the progression of the psychological struggles. Dostoevsky also utilizes character contrasts to magnify other characters, such as the employ of the oversexed Svidrigalov trying to express regret for his dastardly acts by expressing charity after every wild act. He is contrasted against Raskolnikov who looks up to him as the extraordinary man who can commit crime without any pangs of regret. Dostoevsky finally ends his novel with a meaningful epilogue about man's redemption and his final association with his creator. The discussions that follow deal deeper with these elements to show how Dostoevsky tries to communicate his message. Communicating the message The social issue of poverty. Dostoevsky portrayed the contemporary social reality. Raskolnikov's murdering of the old moneylender resulted apparently from his dire poverty. He had no alternative but murder and robbery if he were to survive. From a thesis

How important was the Meiji Emperor in shaping the era of change over Research Paper

How important was the Meiji Emperor in shaping the era of change over which he reigned - Research Paper Example Meiji can be a very good choice for someone trying to create a radio or television documentary concerning the social history of Japanese’s nation. This is because of his role in the Japanese social and political reforms. His activities in office give him interesting candidature that does not only entertain, but also historic figure. The most famous sense of pride to the Japanese is the Meiji restoration that bears his names, the abolishment of the idea of feudalism, and the impending industrialization in the Japan. Meiji Emperor Emperor Meiji was initially referred to as Prince Mutsuhito, and was born on 3 November 1852 to Nakayama and emperor Komei. Mutsuhito used the name Meiji, which meant the enlightened government. Soon after being promoted to be the emperor, he changed his name to Meiji whilst moving the capital from Kyoto to Tokyo. Kyoto had been the imperial capital’s location for many years. During this period the Meiji restoration and revolution was still unde rway. The forces of imperialism gathered under Meiji’ rule and they manage to defeat the Tokugawa. Thereafter, the power passed to daimyo who was the leader of the revolution. Meiji retained his title and prowess as the emperor though the government had become an oligarchy comprising the political, economic, and greatest military men of Japan. Meiji himself was a symbol of leadership, and thus championed the peace restoration in his territory by assisting the imperialists defeat the Shoguanate. The Reign of Emperor Meiji When the emperor of Meiji was restored, Japanese State had a weak military. During this time, Japan was primarily an agricultural State with low levels of technological development. Many of the independent feud lords controlled the emperor. The western powers hard initially forced Japan to sign agreements that restricted its control over its own external trade. In this regard, they demanded that crimes touching on foreigners in Japan to face trial in the west ern courts, and not Japan. At the end of the Meiji emperor following his demise in 1912, Japan had improved in many ways (Herbert, 2000). They had a highly bureaucratic and centralized mode of government, and a constitution outlining the establishment of an elected parliament. In addition, they had a well-developed transport and communication network. They also had well-educated citizens free from feudal restrictions of class. Japan had established a rapidly growing industrial sector rooted on the latest advancement in technology. The establishment of powerful armed forces of the army and navy followed all these. By this time, Japan had completely regained foreign trade control and all the legal systems. It had established full self-governance and equality in almost all international affairs following its victory over the two wars. One of the wars was against Russia who was a major European power. Japan had gone past its goals in a less than a generation. In that process, it changed its society as a whole. Success in modernization of Japan has related interest in how and why it was in a position to adopt western social, political, and economic institutions within a very short time. The answer to this was found in Meiji restoration. The political revolution is what restored the emperor back to power and he did not rule directly. People expected him to listen to the advice of those who had overthrown the shogun. In this regard, small group of ambitious, patriotic, and able young men from the lower levels of samurai

The Electoral Landscape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Electoral Landscape - Essay Example While it is nothing new for voters to want for a change in political leadership, the 2008 presidential election represented an important change in American politics. Barack Obama broke a major racial barrier for African-Americans by becoming the first black American president. Race is likely to be a much less important issue in the future than it has been in the past because Obama has proven that race is no longer an absolute barrier to electability. Obama was able to overcome racial prejudice and the disadvantages of being a little known senator by taking advantage of the growing influence of the Internet and social media. The 2008 election was the first presidential election in which communication through the Internet played a major role (NPR). Lastly, between 2004 and 2008 the economy became the dominant election issue over issues of national security and terrorism. While the Republican Party is generally seen as stronger on economic issues, the economic collapse in 2008 was blame d on the economic policies of Bush by a wide margin (Hagerty 1), and the War on Terror fell out of favor. Works Cited Hagerty, Barbara. â€Å"Exit polls link Obama victory to economic fears.† 4 Nov. 2008.

The Reductive Carbonylation of Organic Nitro Compounds

The Reductive Carbonylation of Organic Nitro Compounds Introduction: The development of environmentally more benign and efficient synthetic methods has stimulated the evolution of new strategies and technologies for the synthesis of useful products in a safe, compact, and energy efficient manner. In this respect our preliminary focus to investigate typically efficient and complementary methodology with palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitro arenes employing CO gas. CO represents the most important C1 building block molecule to introduce a carbonyl group into parent molecules. In the last fifty years, the reductive carbonylation of organic nitro compounds has been the subject of intense research due to the fact that industrially important chemicals can be obtained in a single step. Among these, the most relevant are isocyanates, ureas and carbamates but also a number of heterocycles and other non-cyclic compounds. Isocyanates are commodity chemicals mostly employed in polyurethane synthesis but also intermediates in the production of carbamates and ureas. Polyurethanes are widely applied in almost every part of modern life in the form of plastic foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers and binders. The most widely employed aromatic isocyanates are especially toluenediisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) that account for more than seven million metric tons per year. Synthesis of Isocyanetes: Currently, industrial synthesis of isocyanates is carried out with two step reaction process using nitroarenes with very high yield and selectivity. Nitroarenes is usually reduced to corresponding aniline using heterogeneous transition metal catalyst, and subsequently the amine is reacted with phosgene to give corresponding isocyanate along with hydrochloric acid. Phosgene based synthetic route seemed to be effective and well established technology employed. Major drawbacks of the phosgene based synthesis: There are essentially four major drawbacks with the synthesis of MDI and TDI via phosgene route. The first and most prominent observation are its extreme toxicity and flammability of phosgene and isocyanates, which make these chemicals extremely difficult to handle in bulk synthesis. Phosgene was used as a chemical weapon during the World War I, and around million people were injured and got killed by the use of poisonous gases. The second major drawback is the production of corrosive hydrochloric acid, rendering the medium very aggressive with time, thus allowing other side reaction to occur and to result in reactor degradation. The third limiting factor is the dilution of reaction medium as the high dilution is required to avoid recycling and concentration costs. The final drawback is the isolation of pure isocyanate from reaction mixture. The chloride containing side products are difficult-to-remove from the final product leading to detrimental to the further processing of the isocyanate. Considering above drawbacks, any process design incorporating phosgene will get extra costs to ensure a safe environment. Industrial requirements for an alternative isocyanate synthesis: In order to replace the phosgene route, a number of requirements can be made in the ideal scenario. First of all, readily accessible chemicals should be used and second, they should be as harmless as possible. Finally, a one-step synthetic procedure will be the route par excellence. A high overall yield, purity and selectivity, a temperature close to about 25 oC and the absence of over and/or under pressures in the plant should be preserved ideally. In principle, most of the requirements could be met by an efficient catalytic system.The additional requirements such as Turn Over Frequency (TOF) in the order of 104 h-1 or higher, Turn Over Number (TON) in the order of 106 or above and easy recycling of catalyst would be maintained. On this account, the necessity of environmentally acceptable but still economically competitive phosgene-free route to isocyanates synthesis is most demanding in near future. Alternative routes to TDI and MDI: Various synthetic pathways to isocyanates: Reductive carbonylation with Palladium metal catalyzed system has proved to be an effective transition metal catalytic system due to its ability to be oxidized or reduced easily during the reaction and high tendency to form complexes with carbamoyl groups.A palladium strongly prefers the oxidation states 0 and +2, which are separated by a relatively narrow energy gap, making palladium an excellent catalyst for both oxidation and reduction reactions. Secondly, the moderately large van der Waals radius of palladium together with the high number of delectrons (favorable d10 and d8 complexes) means that the organometal is classified as rather â€Å"soft†, with a high tendency for concerted reaction as well as a high affinity to â€Å"soft† and -donors, leading to useful chemoselectivity. Finally, Pd is relatively electronegative, resulting in a rather nonpolar Pd-C bond, suppressing the reactivity towards polar functional groups. In our previous report, nitrobenzene was typically used as a model substrate, and the use of palladium proved to result in the most effective catalytic systems. The carbonylation of nitrobenzene is generally performed in methanol using homogeneous palladium complexes supported by variable bidentate N- or P- donor ligands. Methyl phenyl carbamate (MPC) was synthesized including other side products. Isocyanates and catalysis: Within the vast variety of synthetic strategy for isocyanates, one of the approaches is to catalytically convert a nitro or amine compound to the corresponding isocyanate (see Figure 4). One of the approach using oxidative carbonylation and carboalkoxylation of aniline has been studied with various catalytic systems. However, aniline have to be synthesized by hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, thus considering industrial application, the most attractive strategy would be direct synthesis of isocyanates from nitro compounds which is also thermodynamically favorable. Reactivity of isocyanates and carbamates: Phosphorus and Nitrogen as donor atoms: Both phosphorus and nitrogen ligands of the YR3 (Y = P, N) type (called phosphines and amines respectively) can be described as sp3 hybrids in a (close to) tetrahedral geometry, having a lone pair on the central atom, capable of donating its electron density to an empty (transition) metal d-orbital. Amines are more electronegative than their phosphine analogues, so it could bind strongly with metal centre. However, unlike amines, phosphines can act as a Ï€ acid with their ÏÆ'* orbitals, so they can be involved in Ï€ backbonding (providing the metal has available d-electrons), rendering the overall bond strength larger than would be expected intuitively (see Figure 6). So, the overall bond strength is determined by an interplay of ÏÆ' donation and Ï€ backbonding, the first having an increasing contribution when electropositive/donating substituents are employed, the latter when electronegative/withdrawing substituents are used. In 1990, E. Drent et. al. reported the palladium catalyze reductive carbonylation of nitroarene introducing â€Å"soft-base† ligands like diphosphines in combination with strongly coordinating anions, or â€Å"hard-base† electron-donating ligands such as phenanthroline, combined with non- or weakly-coordinating anions, resulted in relatively active and selective catalytic systems (maximal TOF’s (h-1)/ carbamate selectivities (%) = 150/80 and 1600/98 for diphosphines and phenanthroline respectively). General remarks on P and N based systems: In general, the statement made by Drent already in 1990 that: ‘Pd with chelating â€Å"hard base† electron donating ligands such as phenanthroline, combined with   non or weakly coordinating anions, can result in relatively active and selective catalytic systems.’ Has been generally accepted and indeed thoroughly studied in the past decades by several people. On the other hand, the statement that: ‘Pd with chelating â€Å"soft-base†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ligands like diphosphines in combination with strongly   coordinating anions , can result in respectively active and selective catalytic systems.’ Has not yet been the subject of intense academic studies, most likely due to the poor results that were obtained initially, when compared to the N-donor systems. However, in principle, there is no reason why N-donor systems should be superior to P-donor systems, except that phosphine ligands are known to be easily oxidized, thus troubling both the preparation and use of such systems. On the basis of recent observations on chelating N-donor systems like 1,10-phenanthroline with electron donating substituents (R) in combination with Pd(II) and a weakly or non-coordinating anions (Y), comprises the most active systems to date (i.e. [Pd(Rxphen)2][Y]2). Since, 1, 10- phenanthroline (unfettered of substituents ) is relatively cheap and readily available, this ligand ligand is most frequently used. Furthermore, the performed catalyst is more active and selective than its in situ formed analogues and in almost all cases a slight excess of free ligand is added. The addition of a BrOnsted acid (with bulky, non-coordinating anion) as a co catalyst , as well as the addition of a substrate related aniline is known to improve both reactivity and selectivity. The experiment is carried out in inert atmosphere and addition of reactive drying agent is also known to be beneficial. The temperatures are mostly around 120 – 170 oC, and both the concentration of all components a nd the reaction times are differed considerably. Methanol is used as a typical solvent , which is partially consumed to yield the carbamate, but occasionally toluene/methanol or other alcohols are used. Finally, the influence of varying CO pressure results in different reactivity. Most reactions were performed at pCO = 40 – 80 bar, the best results were obtained at pCO = 100 bar, and the elevated pressures are believed to enhance the reactivity even further. The Mechanism The palladium catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene in methanol has been investigated in great extent. All catalytic reactions were performed using both catalyst precursor and pre-formed complex resulted carbamate as well as side products. There are frequently reported (side-) products of this reaction are shown in Figure. : azobenzene(Azo), azoxybenzene (Azoxy), aniline and N.N’-diphenylurea (DPU). Azo and Azoxy are resulted as coupling product of nitrobenzene. Aniline and DPU are hydrogenation products which are indicating the presence of moisture in the reaction mixture as well as methanol could be source of H-atom for hydrogenation reaction. DPU is the carbamate analogue of isocyanate reacting with aniline which is the better nucleophile than methanol. The mechanism of reductive carbonylation of nitro compounds into carbamates has been extensively studied with palladium, (substituted) phenanthroline ligands, MeOH as solvent and an acid cocatalyst. The mechanism proposed by Mooibroek et al. seems to be the most complete as it also explains the formation of all side products Scheme: . The palladium-imido species L2Pd=NPh (C3) and the palladacycle L2PdC(O)N(Ph)OC(O) (C2) were considered as possible carbonylation product-releasing species for both (substituted) phenanthroline and diphosphine ligated catalytic system. The result of catalytic experiments , supported by spectroscopic (ESI-MS and NMR) compound C2 is not the major product- releasing intermediate in reactions performed in the absence of acid. In the absence of acid, Pd-imido complex C3 is the proposed reaction intermediate releasing PhN-containing (Azoxy, MPC, PhNH2) products. On the other hand, in the presence of acid the palladacycle complex C2 becomes the major product-releasing intermediate, resulting the nitrobenzene carbonylation product MPC with high selectivity. Different side products: In all catalytic reactions performed using both catalyst precursor and pre-formed complex resulted carbamate as well as side products. The side product are Conclusion and future prospects: In conclusion, the incentive research output from the last decade facilitated us to understand the catalytic reductive carbonylation reaction of nitroarenes to produce relevant carbamates. The reactivity of PdII compounds supported by 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) or the bidentate diaryl phosphane has been studied in the reaction of nitrobenzene with CO in methanol. The nitrobenzene reduction chemistry in the Pd/phen/CH3OH/H+ system resulted higher in selectivity but lower in activity wherein Pd/diphospane/CH3OH/H+ system shows higher in activity but lower in selectivity. Based on our continuing interest in reductive carbonylations of nitro-aromatic compounds and considering the importance towards sustainable synthesis of isocyanates, herein our further approach to develop a ultimate catalytic composition of reactants which can produce highly selective product with high yield having tiny or no side-products. However, despite rationalized molecular mechanism developed by Tiddo et. al. f or above catalytic system is still not efficient enough, nor is it exactly clear how the catalyst works. In recent years, Great progress has been made in extending the scope of palladium-catalyzed synthetic organic reactions introducing in-situ reductive carbonylation reaction with CO generated from the solvent molecules. Manirul et. al. have reported polymer anchored ruthenium based catalyst for reductive carbonylation. Raquel et. al. have investigated that gold nanoparticles are efficient in N-carbamoylation of aromatic amines. In this respect, further elucidation of the overall mechanism and research in new directions is urgent requirement to produce effective palladium based reductive carbonylation of nitro-aromatic compounds considering industrial background. Thus, the current research project will address several issues which are envisaged to be worthwhile to explore. Firstly, the modification of ligand system, secondly the designing of catalyst system, thirdly the mechanism, and finally the use of other additives in the catalyst system to be fine-tuned. Modification of ligand system: The active species in the catalytic cycle as Pd(0) are seem to be as stable as possible to prevent inactive metallic Pd(black) formation. Our previous research work were illustrated the sharp observation of the bidentate P or N ligand based Pd-catalyzed system to achieve maximum activity and selectivity. Our further observations are envisaged based on tripodal P and N system to stabilize Pd(0) species as well as Pd(II) species during catalytic transformations. The concept of monolegated active species stabilizing Pd(0) by steric bulk ligand is rationalized to enhance the reactivity. On the basis of the palladium catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides system employed with electron rich N-heterocycle carbene ligand which exhibits flexible steric bulk environment, Several factors will be assumed to be execute in these system: 1) electron-rich nature enhances the rate of oxidative addition, 2) the ligands coordinate tightly to the Pd to prevent the formation of Pd black, and 3) thei r steric bulk favors a 12 electron, monocarbene–Pd [L-Pd] species and increases the rate of reductive elimination. Variation in carbamate synthesis: The formation of carbamates in the catalytic system utilizing PdII, phenantroline, acid and various nucleophile has been studied extensively to find an alternative for MeOH as nucleophile. The objective is to yield a carbamate or urea which can be pyrolised at lower temperatures to save energy and prevent degradation of the formed isocyanate. The changing the nucleophile is not straightforward, as the use of another nucleophile as a solvent may be too expensive or not possible (if the nucleophile is a solid), hence use of a solvent may be necessary. Therefore, non –nucleophilic solvents have to be tested in combination with potential nucleophiles in the catalytic synthesis of carbamates and ureas. Despite the use of common known compound used as a nucleophile, still there are broad spectrum of nucleophiles to be tested with various combinations. Isolation of Palladium-imido complex:

Essay About Family: Inside the Nightstand :: Personal Narrative essay about my family

Inside the Nightstand We live together now, my boyfriend and I. It’s still new to both of us. 41 North State Street- that’s us. The quiet apartment lined by two rows of cement drive, an oak tree, and his step-mother’s opinion that we are â€Å"too young to be living together seriously.† We share our bedroom, square in shape, with the bed pressed tightly to the far wall, curtains embracing the narrow sides of the mattress. It’s ours- the bed, the room, the oak tree, and the way my toothpaste sticks to the sides of the white sink. The toothpaste doesn’t bother me, but it’s something I’m working on. We’re still getting use to all this. Sharing a bathroom is what we’re working on at the moment. Home alone I find myself organizing- shiny silverware drawers, old, half-bent novels, rows of mismatched socks. My mother calls and tells me I must get out more. I opt instead for making the bed in our square shaped room, but not before casting myself between the sheets, my bare back feeling warm against the patch of sun-stricken cotton. Beside the bed is the nightstand. My face shines innocently in a picture of myself taken with my father at age four. His dark bushy hair and matching 80’s mustache contrast with the pale frame of my body sitting on the counter beside him. Near that is the picture of my best friend Erin and me. We were in Paris. The close frame of the picture cuts off anything below our necks, hiding her belly that has recently become home to a tiny son- due to arrive early January. Inside the nightstand many things sit quiet: an old red wallet, a shirt with a broken left strap, a journal, and a stack of pictures from my 21st birthday party. I open the wallet to see if, by chance, I was smart enough to leave myself some backup cash. The slots inside lay empty, bent over from years of wear and tear. I remember how I used some of my graduation money from high school to buy this wallet.

Leader Profiling – Leadership – Golda Meir

Golda Meir’s Determination, loyalty, integrity and conscientiousness were major leadership traits that will always be respected in the Jewish community. She was described as the â€Å"Iron Lady† of  Israeli politics  years before the term became associated with British prime minister  Margaret Thatcher. Former prime minister  David Ben-Gurion  used to call Meir â€Å"the best man in the government†; * Determination: the desire to get the job done (Northouse, p. 25) Golda Meir was determined to overachieve and protect Israel’s interests throughout her life, even throughout her childhood she organized a fund raisers to pay for her classmates’ books.Another display of determination was entering politics, a male dominated field, and being praised by her subordinates for her decisions. She was determined to lead a change and always sought after leadership positions. â€Å"Although she was born in Russia and educated in the United States, where she trained as a teacher, she arrived in Palestine when she was in her twenties and lived on a kibbutz. She immediately became active in the newly-formed Histadrut trade union movement† (Butt, 1998) * Loyalty – Golda Meir’s loyalty to Israel cannot be questioned.With her family fleeing Russia where she was born in 1898, to begin a new life in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. There she developed a passionate commitment to form a Jewish state. She worked tirelessly by raising money and used her gifts of charm and oratory to promote the cause of an independent Jewish state. * Integrity – the quality of honesty and trustworthiness. (Northouse, p. 25) Golda Meir saw integrity as the currency of Israel’s survival (Burkett, 2008). The way Golda spoke with her followers and involved them in decision making built a high level of trust and honesty within the Israeli government.Meir led by example; she practiced the same morals and beliefs that she preached. * Conscient iousness – the tendency to be thorough, organized, controlled, dependable, and decisive (Northouse, p. 27). Golda Meir’s conscientiousness was shown during her academic career, where she graduated as valedictorian. Moreover she has shown her control, dependability, and hard work On May 10, 1948, four days before the official establishment of the state, Meir traveled to  Amman  disguised as an Arab woman for a secret meeting with  King of  Transjordan  at which she urged him not to join the other Arab countries in attacking the Jews.Golda Meir had many of the traits associated with a transformational leader, such as idealized influence, charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Golda Meir led by the rule of dedication to her country and her personal concern for all people are legendary. Whatever Golda Meir did, she did for the people, always listened to her followers and wasn’t intolerant of opposing views, she considered all options and whenever she had to make a decision she consulted with her team.Since Israel was established to be a Jewish state, she worked to improve the lives of her people; she created a vision for the young state to ensure that Jews across the world learned of her vision and take the necessary steps to achieve it. Meir was the leader Israel needed in a time of crisis, she was charismatic with exceptional rhetoric skills, and both attributes are crucial to political leaders. â€Å"†¦transformational leadership results in people feeling better about themselves and their contributions to the greater common goal† (Northouse, p. 00) Indeed Jews across the world migrated to Israel in hopes of living in Golda Meir’s overall vision of the state of Israel. Golda Meir’s ability to lead the people to their common goal while keeping a unified nation, not becoming power hungry, and always keeping what’s best for the country first, are the main goals and achievements of an ideal transformational leader.SOURCES http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/events/israel_at_50/profiles/81288. stm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Golda_Meir Golda Meir: The Iron Lady of the Middle East: The First Woman Prime Minister in the West, Eleanor Burkett, Gibson Square Books Ltd; (2008)

Management and Hr Professional Working Essay

Human Resources Profession Map The map was designed to assist HR Professionals in there career progression by describing the highest standards of professional competence that can be achieved. The Map is broken down in to three elements: Professional Areas Made up of 10 segments, these describe the areas within the HR discipline and what is required. The two core areas of the map. Strategies, Insights and Solutions This area defines that the HR person needs to have a deep understanding of the business activities, strategies and plans. The strategies created must focus on the needs of the customers and employees, and add value to the organisation. They must be aware of issues that could affect the strategy and come up with solutions to adapt it. Leading and Managing The Human Resources HR professionals need to be able to leads and manage a fit for purpose HR function, Ensuring that the function has the right capability, capacity, and organisation design, and that HR employees are fully engaged, work collaboratively to support each other, each understanding what their own role is and how it  contributes  to the overall organisation strategy. The organisation design professional ensures that the organisation is appropriately designed to deliver organisation objectives in the short and long-term and that structural change is effectively managed. Organisation Development is about ensuring the organisation has a committed, ‘fit for the future’ workforce needed to deliver its strategic ambition. It plays a vital part in ensuring that the organisation culture, values and environment support and enhance organisation performance and adaptability. Provides insight and leadership on development and execution of any capability, cultural and change activities. Resourcing and Talent Planning – The HR professional working in this area ensures that the organisation is able to identify and attract key people with the capability to create competitive advantage and that it actively manages an appropriate balance of resource to meet changing needs, fulfilling the short and long-term ambitions of the organisation strategy. Learning and Talent Development HR professional working in this area ensures that people at all levels of the organisation possess and develop the skills, knowledge and experiences to fulfill the short and long-term ambitions of the organisation and that they are motivated to learn, grow and perform. Performance and reward HR professional working in this area builds a high-performance culture by delivering programmes that recognise and reward critical skills, capabilities, experience and performance, and ensures that reward systems are market-based, equitable and cost-effective. Employee engagement In the context of organisation objectives, the HR professional working in this area ensures that in all aspects of the employment experience – the emotional connection that all employees have with their work, colleagues and to their organisation (in particular line manager relationship) is positive and understood, and that it delivers greater discretionary effort in their work and the way they relate to their organisation. Employee relation Working in this area of HR ensures that the relationship between an organisation and its staff is managed appropriately within a clear and transparent framework underpinned by organisation practices and policies and ultimately by relevant employment law. Service delivery and information Ensures that the delivery of human resources service and information to leaders, managers and staff within the organisation is accurate, efficient, timely and cost effective and that humane resources data is managed professionally. The Eight Behaviours There are eight behaviours which describe how HR people should carry out their activities. 1 Curious 2 Decisive thinker 3 Skilled influencer 4 Driven to deliver 5 Collaborative 6 Personally credible 7 Courage to challenge 8 Role model

5 Signs You Might Get Fired

5 Signs You Might Get Fired Sometimes we get so comfortable in day-to-day work life that we  forget jobs today come with much less security. Rather than becoming complacent, keep yourself attuned and on the lookout for the following red flags so you can fix the problem and save your job- or at least prepare for the worst by looking for a new one. SEE ALSO:  10 Signs It’s Time to Quit Your Job1. You’re out of the loopWhether it’s the most recent report on company profits or just the details of the next co-worker happy hour, if you find yourself not getting as much or the same quality intel as your colleagues, that might be a sign you’re being phased out. Particularly watch for your managers or bosses changing the subject from company matters when you enter the conversation.2. Your workload is lesseningAre some of your projects getting passed along to newer hires or to people down the ladder? Do you find yourself getting tasked with duties you’ve not done in months or years? When your responsibilities start to shrink, that’s a good sign your position will, too.3. Management is changingEvery time a company shakes up its structure, chances are a few jobs will be lost. Be vigilant at times of restructuring and rebranding to make sure you’re being considered for the newer outlook.4. You’ve made mistakesEven one mistake- if big enough- can cost you your job. But if you haven’t done anything drastic like fraud or passing company secrets to competitors, it’s still possible that you’re making small mistakes and might be considered a liability. The best solution here is to always own your errors and take immediate, proactive steps to minimize the damage. The rest is up to your boss.5. They sent you on vacationForced furloughs or compulsory vacations are one way your bosses can get you out of the office if they’re thinking about firing you and need to prepare a case- or sometimes just to see how vital your role ac tually is. If your boss asks you to take vacation, that might be a good time to have an honest and upfront conversation about where you stand. Better to know the truth; then you can spend your holiday looking for another job!

Linking up with Talent at Osram Sylvania Case Study

Linking up with Talent at Osram Sylvania - Case Study Example 2. Social Networking Sites for Recruitment Recruitment by means of social networking sites is the latest trend in the professional employment procedure. There are many advantages related to this approach, especially in the instances when the employment has to be done from abroad. Rather than contacting the recruitment companies in those far-off regions, the online communities of interest that have a majority of members from the respective region can be joined and observed silently, for example, supply chain management communities can be joined that have been founded by Indians and have most members belonging to the South Asian land. Sial (2009) stated that the employers can act as silent observers in the prevailing discussions on the platform and identify the individuals that seem to have good experience in the field. Blogging also gives the employer an opportunity to evaluate the individual’s caliber. However, it is advisable to stick to the professional social networking sit es like LinkedIn that are focused on the professional aspects of the individuals. It proves to be a good medium for hiring competent professionals since some are not proactive in the job market and hence do not post their CVs at the job hunting sites.

Introducation to computer science assingment Assignment

Introducation to computer science assingment - Assignment Example Q6. The value that can be retrieved from the table by the pop instruction is 11 C. this is because it is possible to get the pointer in to the first element of the vector through incrementing this pointer in order to access the second pointer. The value that will be found in the pointer after the pop operation is 12 A. on the other hand, the deque is not a guarantee of a contiguous storage which contains the same elements (10, 11 12) and getting the pointer to the first element does not guarantee that you will get access to the second pointer by incrementing the pointer (Finkel, 1996) Q7. Assuming that the stricture above represents a queue, the value that will be removed from the queue is 14.this is because it is obtained after several increments of 10. The head pointer will next point at 13 which will be the value before 14. *In order to obtain the left child of a certain index, we multiply the current index 2 and we add 1. *for us to get the right child on this specific index, we multiply the current index by 2 and then we add 2. Q10. The reference data types are used to refer to objects while the primitive data types usually contain some values. Some of the example of primitive data type includes the byte, int Boolean and the float. Q11. When writing a chessboard structure that has an 8-by-8 grid, the programmer can consider using arrays that contains chess like structure which is a two dimension array. In order to store the position of the chess piece. The two dimension array is used in pinpointing individual elements in the array (Finkel,